diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index b6eba6e3a..7704977a9 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2823,7 +2823,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
  "clap",
- "dashmap",
  "diesel",
  "diesel-async",
  "enum_delegate",
diff --git a/crates/apub/src/activities/block/block_user.rs b/crates/apub/src/activities/block/block_user.rs
index b761873fa..7fd5768fd 100644
--- a/crates/apub/src/activities/block/block_user.rs
+++ b/crates/apub/src/activities/block/block_user.rs
@@ -98,8 +98,7 @@ impl BlockUser {
 
     match target {
       SiteOrCommunity::Site(_) => {
-        let mut inboxes = ActivitySendTargets::empty();
-        inboxes.set_all_instances(true);
+        let inboxes = ActivitySendTargets::to_all_instances();
         send_lemmy_activity(context, block, mod_, inboxes, false).await
       }
       SiteOrCommunity::Community(c) => {
diff --git a/crates/apub/src/activities/block/undo_block_user.rs b/crates/apub/src/activities/block/undo_block_user.rs
index 4c8e245fd..43f1b235c 100644
--- a/crates/apub/src/activities/block/undo_block_user.rs
+++ b/crates/apub/src/activities/block/undo_block_user.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl UndoBlockUser {
     let mut inboxes = ActivitySendTargets::to_inbox(user.shared_inbox_or_inbox());
     match target {
       SiteOrCommunity::Site(_) => {
-        inboxes.set_all_instances(true);
+        inboxes.set_all_instances();
         send_lemmy_activity(context, undo, mod_, inboxes, false).await
       }
       SiteOrCommunity::Community(c) => {
diff --git a/crates/apub/src/activities/deletion/delete_user.rs b/crates/apub/src/activities/deletion/delete_user.rs
index 694ba3877..782d4759b 100644
--- a/crates/apub/src/activities/deletion/delete_user.rs
+++ b/crates/apub/src/activities/deletion/delete_user.rs
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ pub async fn delete_user(person: Person, context: Data<LemmyContext>) -> Result<
     cc: vec![],
   };
 
-  let mut inboxes = ActivitySendTargets::empty();
-  inboxes.set_all_instances(true);
+  let inboxes = ActivitySendTargets::to_all_instances();
 
   send_lemmy_activity(&context, delete, &actor, inboxes, true).await?;
   Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/src/source/activity.rs b/crates/db_schema/src/source/activity.rs
index a7b4e6687..57881877f 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/src/source/activity.rs
+++ b/crates/db_schema/src/source/activity.rs
@@ -48,14 +48,16 @@ impl ActivitySendTargets {
   }
   pub fn to_local_community_followers(id: CommunityId) -> ActivitySendTargets {
     let mut a = ActivitySendTargets::empty();
-    a.add_local_community_followers(id);
+    a.community_followers_of.insert(id);
     a
   }
-  pub fn add_local_community_followers(&mut self, id: CommunityId) {
-    self.community_followers_of.insert(id);
+  pub fn to_all_instances() -> ActivitySendTargets {
+    let mut a = ActivitySendTargets::empty();
+    a.all_instances = true;
+    a
   }
-  pub fn set_all_instances(&mut self, b: bool) {
-    self.all_instances = b;
+  pub fn set_all_instances(&mut self) {
+    self.all_instances = true;
   }
 
   pub fn add_inbox(&mut self, inbox: Url) {
diff --git a/crates/federate/Cargo.toml b/crates/federate/Cargo.toml
index 5c1c1a9e7..c9121490b 100644
--- a/crates/federate/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/federate/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,31 +11,32 @@ repository.workspace = true
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-activitypub_federation.workspace = true
-anyhow.workspace = true
-async-trait = "0.1.71"
-bytes = "1.4.0"
-chrono.workspace = true
-clap = { version = "4.3.19", features = ["derive"] }
-dashmap = "5.5.0"
-diesel = { workspace = true, features = ["postgres", "chrono", "serde_json"] }
-diesel-async = { workspace = true, features = ["deadpool", "postgres"] }
-enum_delegate = "0.2.0"
-futures.workspace = true
 lemmy_api_common.workspace = true
 lemmy_apub.workspace = true
 lemmy_db_schema = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
 lemmy_db_views_actor.workspace = true
 lemmy_utils.workspace = true
-moka = { version = "0.11.2", features = ["future"] }
+
+activitypub_federation.workspace = true
+anyhow.workspace = true
+futures.workspace = true
+chrono.workspace = true
+diesel = { workspace = true, features = ["postgres", "chrono", "serde_json"] }
+diesel-async = { workspace = true, features = ["deadpool", "postgres"] }
 once_cell.workspace = true
-openssl = "0.10.55"
 reqwest.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
+tracing.workspace = true
+
+async-trait = "0.1.71"
+bytes = "1.4.0"
+clap = { version = "4.3.19", features = ["derive"] }
+enum_delegate = "0.2.0"
+moka = { version = "0.11.2", features = ["future"] }
+openssl = "0.10.55"
 reqwest-middleware = "0.2.2"
 reqwest-tracing = "0.4.5"
-serde.workspace = true
-serde_json.workspace = true
-tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
 tokio-util = "0.7.8"
-tracing.workspace = true
 tracing-subscriber = "0.3.17"
diff --git a/crates/federate/src/util.rs b/crates/federate/src/util.rs
index 11b6f366a..bf6a436bb 100644
--- a/crates/federate/src/util.rs
+++ b/crates/federate/src/util.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Result};
-use dashmap::DashSet;
 use diesel::{prelude::*, sql_types::Int8};
 use diesel_async::RunQueryDsl;
 use lemmy_apub::{
@@ -20,13 +19,7 @@ use moka::future::Cache;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use reqwest::Url;
 use serde_json::Value;
-use std::{
-  borrow::{Borrow, Cow},
-  future::Future,
-  pin::Pin,
-  sync::Arc,
-  time::Duration,
-};
+use std::{future::Future, pin::Pin, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 use tokio::{task::JoinHandle, time::sleep};
 use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
 
@@ -81,7 +74,7 @@ impl<R: Send + 'static> CancellableTask<R> {
 
 /// assuming apub priv key and ids are immutable, then we don't need to have TTL
 /// TODO: capacity should be configurable maybe based on memory use
-pub async fn get_actor_cached(
+pub(crate) async fn get_actor_cached(
   pool: &mut DbPool<'_>,
   actor_type: ActorType,
   actor_apub_id: &Url,
@@ -117,30 +110,15 @@ pub async fn get_actor_cached(
     .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("err getting actor: {e:?}"))
 }
 
-/// intern urls to reduce memory usage
-/// not sure if worth it
-pub fn intern_url<'a>(url: impl Into<Cow<'a, Url>>) -> Arc<Url> {
-  static INTERNED_URLS: Lazy<DashSet<Arc<Url>>> = Lazy::new(DashSet::new);
-  let url: Cow<'a, Url> = url.into();
-  return INTERNED_URLS
-    .get::<Url>(url.borrow())
-    .map(|e| e.clone())
-    .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-      let ret = Arc::new(url.into_owned());
-      INTERNED_URLS.insert(ret.clone());
-      ret
-    });
-}
-
 /// this should maybe be a newtype like all the other PersonId CommunityId etc.
-pub type ActivityId = i64;
+pub(crate) type ActivityId = i64;
 
 type CachedActivityInfo = Option<Arc<(SentActivity, SharedInboxActivities)>>;
 /// activities are immutable so cache does not need to have TTL
 /// May return None if the corresponding id does not exist or is a received activity.
 /// Holes in serials are expected behaviour in postgresql
 /// todo: cache size should probably be configurable / dependent on desired memory usage
-pub async fn get_activity_cached(
+pub(crate) async fn get_activity_cached(
   pool: &mut DbPool<'_>,
   activity_id: ActivityId,
 ) -> Result<CachedActivityInfo> {
@@ -165,7 +143,7 @@ pub async fn get_activity_cached(
 }
 
 /// return the most current activity id (with 1 second cache)
-pub async fn get_latest_activity_id(pool: &mut DbPool<'_>) -> Result<ActivityId> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_latest_activity_id(pool: &mut DbPool<'_>) -> Result<ActivityId> {
   static CACHE: Lazy<Cache<(), ActivityId>> = Lazy::new(|| {
     Cache::builder()
       .time_to_live(Duration::from_secs(1))
@@ -186,7 +164,7 @@ pub async fn get_latest_activity_id(pool: &mut DbPool<'_>) -> Result<ActivityId>
 }
 
 /// how long to sleep based on how many retries have already happened
-pub fn retry_sleep_duration(retry_count: i32) -> Duration {
+pub(crate) fn retry_sleep_duration(retry_count: i32) -> Duration {
   Duration::from_secs_f64(10.0 * 2.0_f64.powf(f64::from(retry_count)))
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/federate/src/worker.rs b/crates/federate/src/worker.rs
index 86cacae7b..578f8ac03 100644
--- a/crates/federate/src/worker.rs
+++ b/crates/federate/src/worker.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
   federation_queue_state::FederationQueueState,
-  util::{
-    get_activity_cached,
-    get_actor_cached,
-    get_latest_activity_id,
-    intern_url,
-    retry_sleep_duration,
-  },
+  util::{get_activity_cached, get_actor_cached, get_latest_activity_id, retry_sleep_duration},
 };
 use activitypub_federation::{
   activity_queue::{prepare_raw, send_raw, sign_raw},
@@ -23,10 +17,7 @@ use lemmy_db_views_actor::structs::CommunityFollowerView;
 use lemmy_utils::{error::LemmyErrorExt2, REQWEST_TIMEOUT};
 use reqwest::Url;
 use std::{
-  borrow::Cow,
   collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-  ops::Deref,
-  sync::Arc,
   time::Duration,
 };
 use tokio::{sync::mpsc::UnboundedSender, time::sleep};
@@ -48,7 +39,7 @@ pub async fn instance_worker(
   let mut last_full_communities_fetch = Utc.timestamp_nanos(0);
   let mut last_incremental_communities_fetch = Utc.timestamp_nanos(0);
   let mut last_state_insert = Utc.timestamp_nanos(0);
-  let mut followed_communities: HashMap<CommunityId, HashSet<Arc<Url>>> =
+  let mut followed_communities: HashMap<CommunityId, HashSet<Url>> =
     get_communities(pool, instance.id, &mut last_incremental_communities_fetch).await?;
   let site = Site::read_from_instance_id(pool, instance.id).await?;
 
@@ -94,7 +85,7 @@ pub async fn instance_worker(
       };
       let actor = get_actor_cached(pool, activity.actor_type, actor_apub_id).await?;
 
-      let inbox_urls = inbox_urls.into_iter().map(|e| (*e).clone()).collect();
+      let inbox_urls = inbox_urls.into_iter().collect();
       let requests = prepare_raw(object, actor.as_ref(), inbox_urls, &data)
         .await
         .into_anyhow()?;
@@ -163,15 +154,15 @@ pub async fn instance_worker(
 fn get_inbox_urls(
   instance: &Instance,
   site: &Option<Site>,
-  followed_communities: &HashMap<CommunityId, HashSet<Arc<Url>>>,
+  followed_communities: &HashMap<CommunityId, HashSet<Url>>,
   activity: &SentActivity,
-) -> HashSet<Arc<Url>> {
-  let mut inbox_urls = HashSet::new();
+) -> HashSet<Url> {
+  let mut inbox_urls: HashSet<Url> = HashSet::new();
 
   if activity.send_all_instances {
     if let Some(site) = &site {
-      // todo: when does an instance not have a site?
-      inbox_urls.insert(intern_url(Cow::Borrowed(site.inbox_url.deref())));
+      // Nutomic: Most non-lemmy software wont have a site row. That means it cant handle these activities. So handling it like this is fine.
+      inbox_urls.insert(site.inbox_url.inner().clone());
     }
   }
   for t in &activity.send_community_followers_of {
@@ -183,7 +174,7 @@ fn get_inbox_urls(
     if inbox.domain() != Some(&instance.domain) {
       continue;
     }
-    inbox_urls.insert(intern_url(Cow::Borrowed(inbox.inner())));
+    inbox_urls.insert(inbox.inner().clone());
   }
   inbox_urls
 }
@@ -193,7 +184,7 @@ async fn get_communities(
   pool: &mut DbPool<'_>,
   instance_id: InstanceId,
   last_fetch: &mut DateTime<Utc>,
-) -> Result<HashMap<CommunityId, HashSet<Arc<Url>>>> {
+) -> Result<HashMap<CommunityId, HashSet<Url>>> {
   let e = *last_fetch;
   *last_fetch = Utc::now(); // update to time before fetch to ensure overlap
   Ok(
@@ -201,10 +192,7 @@ async fn get_communities(
       .await?
       .into_iter()
       .fold(HashMap::new(), |mut map, (c, u)| {
-        map
-          .entry(c)
-          .or_insert_with(HashSet::new)
-          .insert(intern_url(Cow::Owned(u.into())));
+        map.entry(c).or_insert_with(HashSet::new).insert(u.into());
         map
       }),
   )